And yet, with every new achievement, there is a mood of cautious optimism rather than exuberance, and AI skeptics abound. The founders of AI, who coined the term in 1956, would have been astounded by the list of achievements accomplished by computers to date. In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue computer defeated reigning world chess champion Garry Kasparov, winning 3½ to 2½ in a six-game match. In 2007, checkers was pronounced to be “solved” - a computer program had been developed that could never be beaten.
In 2011, IBM’s Watson computer handily defeated two of the world’s best human Jeopardy! players in a televised match. Similarly, in 2005, five such cars successfully navigated a 132-mile desert course.
In 2007, six different driverless cars successfully completed the “Grand Challenge” organized by DARPA (the US government agency that funded the invention of the Internet), which entailed navigating a 60-mile simulated urban course. This year, Google’s self-driving car was granted a special license plate by the State of Nevada, allowing it to operate on public roads in the state. It would seem that the quest to create human-level artificial intelligence (AI) is making astounding progress, and the end is in sight. A program that trounces the best human players at Jeopardy! A machine that defeats the world champion at chess.
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